Short-term and long-term policy evaluation in the Americas is generally insufficient. This is most pronounced in Mesoamerica, South America and the Caribbean

Investments in generating new knowledge [..] may better elucidate how human quality of life is highly dependent on a healthy natural environment, as well as how threats to natural environments affect quality of life in the short, median and long term

Much biodiversity remains to be scientifically recorded for all types of ecosystems, particularly in the South American subregion and in the deep oceans in general.

Knowledge gaps for assessing the linkages between indirect and direct drivers and between the drivers and specific changes in biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people.

Knowledge gaps were identified on the impact of nature’s contributions to people to quality of life, in particular because there is a mismatch between social data related to quality of life produced at the political scale and ecological data produced at a biome scale.

Knowledge gaps on nature’s non-material contributions to people that contribute to quality of life

There is also generally limited accessible peer-reviewed and grey literature to support a comprehensive assessment of policy and governance options for Africa. It also presents an opportunity for the development of case studies and pilot projects that explore the different policy options and instruments that are specifically relevant in the African context.

Central, North and West Africa are poorly represented, have limited stakeholder participation and limited incorporation [...] for valuation studies of biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people.

Central, North and West Africa are poorly represented, have limited stakeholder participation and limited incorporation of indigenous and local knowledge.

In addition to human capacity-building, there is a need to generate information, in particular quantitative data, needed for the development of scenarios and to take into account the specific contexts and diversity of the subregions, groups of people and related differences in culture, and in ecological, social and economic conditions.