Progress in the detection of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity, conservation gaps, and areas with high concentrations of invasive species today depends heavily on georeferenced biodiversity occurrence data

Basic inventorying of biodiversity is far from complete in the Americas. Accumulated species descriptions for vascular plants have not yet reached an asymptote. - With very few exceptions, we currently lack accurate knowledge of biodiversity at the biome level. Data on population sizes and genetic diversity is scarce outside the North American subregion. Likewise, long-term series data are few and far between making it difficult to detect temporal trends.

some political entities are under-represented or absent from global country-level databases (e.g. Greenland)

message 16 - relative absence of long-term data, particularly for some regulating and non-material nature’s contributions to people

More holistic evaluations should put greater attention on the role of regulating and non-material (cultural) NCP when assessing land change processes and well change in the ocean - more comprehensive assessments of costs, benefits and values are necessary to more fully understand the relationship of nature and quality of life at the regional and subregional scales.

Admittedly, there are more difficulties in quantifying and valuing these less tangible NCP, which are more amenable to the standardization of monetary values via market mechanisms

Data concerning the effects of improved ecosystem service flows on human well-being, when power dynamics impact the distribution of benefits

data concerning the historical factors that have shaped power relations between institutions and social groups that use and distribute ecosystem services

data concerning the coproduction of ecosystem services, which involves a relationship between social and ecological systems.

The factors that affect the ability to generalize and scale up or down the results of individual studies + The evaluation of the impacts of short-term and long-term policy and programmes