Despite growing awareness of the linkages between biodiversity loss and climate change, we still lack a full understanding of how social issues, particularly inter- and intra-generational equity, are affected by interventions to mitigate climate change or to conserve biodiversity (Halpern and Fujita, 2013; Zafra-Calvo et al., 2019). The linkages between biodiversity, climate and social issues can have significant implications for the effectiveness of policies designed to address them, with outcomes that can be co-detrimental, display strong or weak trade-offs, or even deliver co-benefits (see Section 6).