Freshwater ecosystems in the Asia-Pacific region support more than 28 per cent of aquatic and semiaquatic species but nearly 37 per cent of these species are threatened due to anthropogenic and climatic drivers (well established). Cumulative impacts of global warming and damming of rivers in some of the river basins will have significant negative impacts on fish production and environmental flows (well established). Likewise, degradation of wetlands has had severe negative impacts on migratory waterfowl, fish production and local livelihoods (well established). However, there are scientific data gaps on the current status of biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people in most of the river basins, inland wetlands and peatlands of the region {3.2.2.1; 3.2.2.2; 3.2.2.3; 3.2.2.4}.