sustainable land management |
The use of land resources, including soils, water, animals and plants for the production of goods to meet changing human needs while ensuring the long- term productive potential of these resources and the maintenance of their environmental functions.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
sustainable land use |
The land use that serves the needs (for food, energy, housing, recreation etc.) of all human beings living on Earth today and in the future, respecting the boundaries and the resilience of ecological systems.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
sustainable livelihood |
Sustainable livelihoods is defined as the ability of the users to cope with and respond to the stresses and shocks related to fluctuations in the Nature’s contribution to people that adversely impact their material, relational and subjective dimensions of life and create vulnerabilities, develop their capabilities to strengthen access and entitlements to the variety of livelihood resources, without unnecessarily undermining the natural resource base (the wild species and its natural environment), so as to achieve a desirable standard of living that befits them as humans and also approved by the measures of wellbeing and human development.
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Sustainable use assessment |
sustainable soil management |
Sets of activities that maintain or enhance the supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural services provided by soils without significantly impairing either the soil functions that enable those services or biodiversity.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
sustainable use |
The use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations (CBD, 1992).
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Global assessment (1st work programme) |
sustainable use (of biodiversity and its components) |
The use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment, Americas assessment, Africa assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment |
sustainable use |
Sustainable use is defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity since 1992 as “the use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations.” This assessment notes that sustainable use is also an outcome of social-ecological systems that aim to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem functions in the long term, while contributing to human well-being. It is a dynamic process as wild species, the ecosystems that support them and the social systems within which uses occur, change over time and space. This assessment notes the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainability as identified by the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development and its Sustainable Development Goals.
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Sustainable use assessment |
sustainably-intensified agriculture |
Any system that is designed to produce high yields but with careful management and selection of inputs to reduce harm to the environment. It includes development and use of crop and animal varieties better suited to their environment, use of new technology for pest and disease control and for input management.
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Pollination assessment |
swidden |
See Shifting cultivation.
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Asia-Pacific assessment |
swidden agriculture |
See 'Shifting cultivation'.
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Global assessment (1st work programme) |
swidden |
Swidden farming, also known as shifting cultivation or milpa in Latin America, is conventionally defined as an agricultural system in which temporary clearings are cropped for fewer years than they are allowed to remain fallow.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
symbiosis |
A long-term interaction between two species that can often have mutual benefit for both species (IUCN, 2012a).
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Global assessment (1st work programme) |
synergies |
See trade-off.
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Europe and Central Asia assessment, Americas assessment |
synergy |
The interaction or cooperation of two or more organisms, organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.
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Pollination assessment |
synthesis report |
Synthesis reports further distil and integrate materials drawing from assessment reports, are written in a non‑technical style suitable for policymakers and address a broad range of policy-relevant questions. They are to be composed of two sections: a summary for policymakers, and a full report.
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synthesis report |
Synthesis reports further distil and integrate materials drawing from assessment reports, are written in a nontechnical style suitable for policymakers and address a broad range of policy-relevant questions. They are to be composed of two sections: a summary for policymakers, and a full report.
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Asia-Pacific assessment |
synthetic biology |
Adopted as a working definition definition by the Convention on Biological Diversity AHTEG on Synthetic Biology, Synthetic biology was defined as “a further development and new dimension of modern biotechnology that combines science, technology, and engineering to facilitate and accelerate the understanding, design, redesign, manufacture and/or modification of genetic materials, living organisms and biological systems”.
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Sustainable use assessment |
systematic review |
Collation and critical analysis of multiple research studies or papers, using a structured methodology.
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Sustainable use assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment |
systems of life |
The complex, integrated interactions of living beings (including humans), such as the cultural attributes of communities, socio-economic conditions and biophysical variables.
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Scenarios and models assessment |
taboo |
A social or religious custom prohibiting or restricting a particular practice or forbidding association with a particular person, place, or behavior.
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Sustainable use assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme) |
target |
A choice by people of a desired contemporary or future outcome.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
target condition |
A condition that maximizes the desired mix of ecosystem services.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
target-seeking scenario |
Scenarios that start with the definition of a clear objective, or a set of objectives, specified either in terms of achievable targets, or as an objective function to be optimized, and then identify different pathways to achieving this outcome (e.g. through backcasting).
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Scenarios and models assessment |
target-seeking scenario |
See “scenarios”.
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Americas assessment, Sustainable use assessment |
taxon |
A category applied to a group in a formal system of nomenclature, e.g. species, genus, family etc. (plural: taxa).
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Global assessment (1st work programme), Sustainable use assessment, Americas assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment |
taxonomic diversity |
Variety of species or other taxonomic categories (IUCN, 2012a).
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Global assessment (1st work programme) |
technical paper |
Technical papers are based on the material contained in the assessment reports and are prepared on topics deemed important by the Plenary.
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technical summary |
A Technical Summary is a longer detailed and specialized version of the material contained in the summary for policymakers.
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telecoupling |
Tele-coupling refers to socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances. It involves distant exchanges of information, energy and matter (e.g. people, goods, products, capital) at multiple spatial, temporal and organizational scales.
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Africa assessment |
tele-grabbing |
Transboundary acquisition of land.
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Global assessment (1st work programme) |
teleconnection |
Relates to the environmental interactions between climatic systems over considerable distances.
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Americas assessment |
teleconnection |
A statistical association between climate variables at widely separated, geographically-fixed spatial locations. Teleconnections are caused by large spatial structures such as basin-wide coupled modes of ocean-atmosphere variability, Rossby wave-trains, mid-latitude jets and storm tracks, etc.
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IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop on biodiversity and climate change |
telecoupling |
Socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances. It involves distant exchanges of information, energy and matter (e.g. people, goods, products, capital) at multiple spatial, temporal and organizational scales.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
telecoupling |
Refers to socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances. It involves distant exchanges of information, energy and matter (e.g. people, goods, products, capital) at multiple spatial, temporal and organizational scales.
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Europe and Central Asia assessment, Americas assessment |
telecoupling |
Telecoupling refers to socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances. It involves distant exchanges of information, energy and matter (e.g. people, goods, products, capital) at multiple spatial, temporal and organizational scales.
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Global assessment (1st work programme), Global assessment (1st work programme) |
telecoupling |
Telecoupling refers to the phenomenon that natural or anthropogenic processes in one part of the globe have an effect on a distant part of the world (Friis et al., 2016). This concept thus enables the description of flows and impacts between globally distant places in a common language. Synonym in the literature is global inter-regional connectedness.
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IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop on biodiversity and climate change |
temporal scale |
Comprised of two properties: 1) temporal extent - the total length of the time period of interest for a particular study (e.g. 10 years, 50 years, or 100 years); and 2) temporal grain (or resolution) - the temporal frequency with which data are observed or projected within this total period (e.g. at 1-year, 5-year or 10-year intervals).
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Pollination assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Scenarios and models assessment |
temporal scales |
Measurements or other observations reported along a time series.
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Asia-Pacific assessment, Sustainable use assessment |
tenure |
The act, fact, manner, or condition of holding something in one’s possession, as real estate or an office; occupation.
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Pollination assessment |
tenure security |
An agreement between an individual or group to land and residential property, which is governed and regulated by a legal and administrative framework includes both customary and statutory systems.
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Asia-Pacific assessment, Sustainable use assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme) |
tenure |
Tenure systems define who can use which Nature’s contributions to people, for how long and under what conditions. Three related aspects of tenure offer a comprehensive understanding of the term. They include (1) tenure as a set of rights, (2) key responsibilities in relation to tenure, and (3) enabling conditions that facilitate governance of tenure. From this combined perspective, tenure is understood as the combination of a set of specific rights that connect the resource users with various aspects of the resource and puts the control and decision-making power in their hands. These rights span social, ecological, economic, and political aspects of tenure, and help provide directions to moving toward effective governance. Rights are connected with responsibilities that range from the duties of the users to maintain the resource to the duties to be performed by the state, and those jointly by both. The exercise of tenure rights can only be possible if certain conditions are meaningfully met because they offer the much required social, ecological, and political environment for the operationalization of tenure rights, performance of the tenure related duties, and necessary security and protection against tenure violations. From an integrated social-ecological (human-environmental) systems perspective, tenure is defined as relationships (also interactions and connections) between people (the users) who seek tenure and between the people (users) and the environment (includes the resource) to which tenure is being sought. Governance of tenure is then about the manner in which these host of relationships, interactions, and connections are addressed and promoted. Tenure in the context of sustainable use of wild species is not a static concept and, therefore, can be best understood as a process and its governance as continuous.
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Sustainable use assessment |
teratogen |
Any agent that causes an abnormality following fetal exposure during pregnancy.
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Americas assessment |
terrestrial animal harvesting |
Terrestrial animal harvesting is defined as the removal from their habitat of animals (vertebrates and invertebrates) that spend some or all of their life cycle in terrestrial environments. As for fishing, terrestrial animal harvesting often results in the death of the animal, but it may not in some cases. To reflect both situations, terrestrial animal harvesting has been sub-divided into a lethal and a “non- lethal” category. Hunting is defined as the lethal category of terrestrial animal harvesting which leads to the killing of the animal, such as in trophy hunting. “Non-lethal” terrestrial animal harvesting is defined as the temporary or permanent capture of live animals from their habitat without intended mortality, such as pet trade, falconry or green hunting. Non-lethal harvest of animals also includes removal of parts or products of animals that do not lead to the mortality of the host, such as vicuña fiber or wild honey. Unintended mortality may however occur in this category and the term “non-lethal” is therefore put in quotes.
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Sustainable use assessment |
terrestrial productivity |
Net Primary Production (NPP) from the terrestrial environment.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
territorial use rights in fisheries |
Give a specific harvester exclusive access to ocean areas.
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Americas assessment |
territorial use rights in fisheries |
Give a specific harvester exclusive access to ocean areasJ. E. Wilen, Cancino, & Uchida, 2012.
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Global assessment (1st work programme) |
thermodynamics |
The science of the relationship between heat, work, temperature, and energy. In broad terms, thermodynamics deals with the transfer of energy from one place to another and from one form to another. The key concept is that heat is a form of energy corresponding to a definite amount of mechanical work. The behaviour of a complex thermodynamic system, such as Earth's atmosphere, can be understood by first applying the principles of states and properties to its component parts—in this case, water, water vapour, and the various gases making up the atmosphere. By isolating samples of material whose states and properties can be controlled and manipulated, properties and their interrelations can be studied as the system changes from state to state.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
threatened species |
In the IUCN Red List terminology, a threatened species is any species listed in the Red List categories: critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Global assessment (1st work programme), Sustainable use assessment, Africa assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment, Americas assessment |
threshold effect |
Harmful or fatal effect of a small change in environmental conditions that exceeds the limit of tolerance of an organism or population of a species.
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Sustainable use assessment |
threshold |
Magnitudes or intensities that must be exceeded for a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested.
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Asia-Pacific assessment |