life frames of nature’s values |
Frames that illustrate the in which people conceptualise how nature matters. Life frames mediate between ways of being/living and the prioritization of different sets of broad and specific values. The four archetypes of living from, living in, living with and living as nature are not mutually exclusive. They offer a range of sources-of-concern for nature that can overlap or be emphasized in diverse contexts (section 2.2.6).
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Values assessment |
limestone karsts |
Referred to simply as karsts are sedimentary rock outcrops that consist primarily of calcium carbonate.
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Asia-Pacific assessment |
linguistic uncertainty |
Imprecise meaning of words, including vagueness and ambiguity.
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Scenarios and models assessment |
livelihood diversification |
Livelihood diversification is defined as the process by which rural families construct a diverse portfolio of activities and social support capabilities in their struggle for survival and in order to improve their standards of living”.
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Sustainable use assessment |
livelihood resilience |
The capacity of all people across generations to sustain and improve their livelihood opportunities and well-being despite environmental, economic, social and political disturbances.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
livelihood security |
Adequate and sustainable access to income and resources to meet basic needs (including adequate access to food, potable water, health facilities, educational opportunities, housing, time for community participation and social integration).
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
living in harmony with nature |
Within the context of the IPBES Conceptual Framework - a perspective on good quality of life based on the interdependence that exists among human beings, other living species and elements of nature. It implies that we should live peacefully alongside all other organisms even though we may need to exploit other organisms to some degree.
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Asia-Pacific assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment, Africa assessment, Americas assessment, Sustainable use assessment, Scenarios and models assessment |
local |
adj. Referring to places, people, things or events within a short distance of an identified locality.
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Pollination assessment |
local communities |
Local communities” refers to non-indigenous communities with historical linkages to places and livelihoods characterized by long- term relationships with the natural environment, often over generations.
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Sustainable use assessment |
local community |
A group of individuals that interact within their immediate surroundings and/or direct mutual influences in their daily life. In this sense, a rural village, a clan in transhumance or the inhabitants of an urban neighbourhood can be considered a local community, but not all the inhabitants of a district, a city quarter or even a rural town. A local community could be permanently settled or mobile.
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Pollination assessment |
local ecological knowledge |
Knowledge about nature, including organisms (animals and plants), ecosystems and ecological interactions, held by local people who interact with and use natural resources. This is a manifestation of indigenous local knowledge (ILK), but includes also knowledge held by those local people who may not be officially recognized as indigenous (in legal terms). Like traditional ecological knowledge, LEK can be seen as a knowledge-practice-belief complex. In other words, it is a cumulative body of knowledge, practice, and belief, evolving by adaptive processes and handed down through generations by cultural transmission (Berkes, 2012). This encompasses ways of knowing and doing, which are dynamic concepts relying on building on experience and adapting to changes, thereby imbibe a strong learning-by-doing component.
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Sustainable use assessment |
local economies |
Local economies and subsistence economies are defined as those that are small in scale and in which the use of resources (including wild species) are limited and exclusively used to meet local needs rather than accumulated or sold for profit.
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Sustainable use assessment |
logging |
Logging is defined as the removal of whole trees or woody parts of trees from their habitat. Logging generally results in the death of the tree, but also includes cases in which it may not, such as coppicing. Logging occurs in forests that may be classified as primary, naturally regenerating, planted, and plantation. This assessment does not address logging from plantation forests except as it has bearing on the practice in the other forest types. Harvest of non-woody parts of trees ( leaves, propagules and bark) are here defined as gathering.
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Sustainable use assessment |
qualitative storyline |
Articulation of narratives describing plausible futures based on or relating to measures of the quality of key compnents rather than their quantity (c.f. Quantitative approaches).
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Asia-Pacific assessment |
quality of life |
Within the context of the IPBES Conceptual Framework - good quality of life refers to the achievement of a fulfilled life, a notion which may vary significantly across societies and cultures. There is a common understanding that quality of life is composed of both shared common aspects across cultures (food security) and contextual aspects (e.g. self-determination), which can be assessed objectively (e.g. caloric intake) or subjectively (e.g. life satisfaction) applying quantitative and qualitative indicators. Good quality of life is generally portrayed through material conditions (e.g. level of food availability) as well as through individual aspirations (e.g. personal; professional; spiritual) and capabilities (e.g. education) for people to live in accordance to what they themselves consider to be “a good life”, which can differ across cultures, contexts and individuals. The role of nature in achieving a good quality of life is complex and heterogeneous, and depends on the social-ecological context, and on the way people portray themselves in relation to nature.
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Values assessment |
quantitative model |
Statistical or other analytical descriptions of processes defined by quantities or metrics.
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Asia-Pacific assessment |
radiative forcing |
The measurement of the capacity of a gas or other forcing agents to affect that energy balance, thereby contributing to climate change. Put more simply, RF expresses the change in energy in the atmosphere due to GHG emissions.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
ramsar convention on wetlands |
The Convention on Wetlands, called the Ramsar Convention, is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.
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Asia-Pacific assessment |
ramsar convention on wetlands |
The Convention on Wetlands, called the Ramsar Convention, of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat, is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.
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Sustainable use assessment |
ramsar site |
A wetland site designated of international importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat under the Ramsar Convention, an intergovernmental environment treaty established in 1975 by UNESCO, coming into force in 1975. A wetland of international significance in terms of ecology, botany, zoology, limnology or hydrology. Such site meets at least one of the criteria of Identifying Wetlands of International Importance set by Ramsar Convention and is designated by appropriate national authority to be added to Ramsar list.
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Asia-Pacific assessment |
ramsar site |
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated of international importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat under the Ramsar Convention, an intergovernmental environment treaty established in 1975 by UNESCO, coming into force in 1975. Ramsar site refers to wetland of international significance in terms of ecology, botany, zoology, limnology or hydrology. Such a site meets at least one of the criteria of identifying Wetlands of International Importance set by Ramsar Convention and is designated by appropriate national authority to be added to Ramsar list.
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Europe and Central Asia assessment, Americas assessment |
ramsar site |
A wetland site designated of international importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat under the Ramsar Convention, an intergovernmental environment treaty established in 1975 by UNESCO, coming into force in 1975. Ramsar site refers to wetland of international significance in terms of ecology, botany, zoology, limnology or hydrology. Such a site meets at least one of the criteria of identifying wetlands of international importance set by Ramsar Convention and is designated by appropriate national authority to be added to Ramsar list.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
ramsar site |
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated of international importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat under the Ramsar Convention, an intergovernmental environment treaty established in 1975 by UNESCO, coming into force in 1975. Ramsar site refers to a wetland of international significance in terms of ecology, botany, zoology, limnology or hydrology. Such site meets at least one of the criteria of Identifying Wetlands of International Importance set by Ramsar Convention and is designated by appropriate national authority to be added to Ramsar list.
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Africa assessment |
range |
“the current limits of distribution of a species, accounting for all known, inferred or projected sites of occurrence”
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Invasive alien species assessment |
range shift |
A change in the distributional limits of the native geographical range of a species, most commonly driven human-related factors (e.g. climate change).
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Pollination assessment |
rangeland |
Natural grasslands used for livestock grazing.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment, Sustainable use assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Americas assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment |
re-wilding |
The preservation of land with the goal of restoring natural ecosystem processes and reducing human control of landscapes (Gillson et al., 2011) to allow declining populations to rebound.
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Global assessment (1st work programme) |
reactive nitrogen |
All biologically, photochemically, and/or radiatively active forms of nitrogen; a diverse pool of nitrogenous compounds that includes organic compounds (e.g. urea, amines, proteins, amides), mineral nitrogen forms, such as nitrates and ammonium, as well as gases that are chemically active in the troposphere (NOx, ammonia, nitrous oxide) and contribute to air pollution and the greenhouse effect.
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Global assessment (1st work programme) |
reality |
Current state of biodiversity and ecosystem functions independent of human knowledge and perceptions and ecosystem services (Nature in IPBES conceptual framework). See also Perceptions; Concepts”; Worldviews”.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
rebound effect |
The pattern by which resource users tend to compensate for improved efficiency by shifting behaviour towards greater consumption, which undermines apparent gains. For example, an increased fuel saving of motor vehicle tends to be compensated by spending more money on other resources or by driving more.
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Global assessment (1st work programme) |
rebound effect |
The pattern by which resource users tend to compensate for improved efficiency by shifting behavior towards greater consumption, which undermines apparent gains. For example, an increased fuel saving of motor vehicle tends to be compensated by spending more money on other resources or by driving more.
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Sustainable use assessment |
reclamation |
The stabilization of the terrain, assurance of public safety, aesthetic improvement, and usually a return of the land to what, within the regional context, is considered to be a useful purpose.
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Land degradation and restoration assessment |
recognition |
In social-environmental justice, recognition is about the respect for (community) ways of life, local knowledge, and cultural difference.
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Values assessment |
recreational uses (of wild species) |
Recreational uses are defined as uses of wild species in which enjoyment is considered a primary value.
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Sustainable use assessment |
recreational values |
Monetary or non-monetary worth given to the human recreational use of ecosystems, areas or other natural phenomena.
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Asia-Pacific assessment |
recruitment |
The influx of new members into a population by reproduction or immigration (IUCN, 2012a).
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Global assessment (1st work programme) |
recruitment |
The influx of new members into a population by reproduction or immigration.
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Sustainable use assessment |
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation |
A global mechanism designed to offer positive incentives to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and to promote the conservation, management and enhancement of forest stocks in developing countries (http://theredddesk. org/encyclopaedia/reducing-emissions- deforestation-and-forest-degradation-redd- and-role-conservation). REDD-plus stands for countries’ efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and foster conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
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Asia-Pacific assessment |
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation |
Mechanism developed by Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which creates a financial value for the carbon stored in forests by offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands.
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|
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation |
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) is a mechanism developed by Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It creates a financial value for the carbon stored in forests by offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. Developing countries would receive results-based payments for results- based actions. REDD+ goes beyond simply deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
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Europe and Central Asia assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment |
reduced impact logging |
The intensively planned and carefully controlled implementation of timber harvesting operations to minimize the environmental impact on forest stands and soils (FAO, 2018a).
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Global assessment (1st work programme) |
reduced impact logging |
The intensively planned and carefully controlled implementation of timber harvesting operations to minimize the environmental impact on forest stands and soils.
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Sustainable use assessment |
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation |
Mechanism developed by Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It creates a financial value for the carbon stored in forests by offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. Developing countries would receive results-based payments for results-based actions. REDD+ goes beyond simply deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
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Americas assessment, Sustainable use assessment |
reforestation |
Planting of forests on lands that have previously contained forests but that have been converted to some other use.
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Sustainable use assessment |
reforestation |
Intentional replanting of trees and re- establishing a forest in areas that have been deforested.
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Global assessment (1st work programme), Land degradation and restoration assessment |
regime |
A long-term qualitative behavior where the system’s dynamics tend to stabilize, at different spatial and temporal scales in marine, terrestrial and polar systems (Rocha et al., 2015).
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Global assessment (1st work programme), Sustainable use assessment |
regime shift |
Substantial reorganization in system structure, functions and feedbacks that often occurs abruptly and persists over time.
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Americas assessment, Sustainable use assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment |
regime shift |
Persistent change in systems structure and function, which can be abrupt and difficult to reverse. Regime shifts in socio-ecological systems can have substantial impacts on ecosystem services.
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Global assessment (1st work programme), Scenarios and models assessment |
regional |
adj. Pertaining to an area, especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries.
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Pollination assessment |
regional cooperation platform |
Initiatives or other efforts to provide means by which organizations or individuals with a global region (such as the Asia-Pacific) can work together towards a common or mutual aim, or for common or mutual benefit. Examples include the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).
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Asia-Pacific assessment |