Glossary definitions

Any intentional activity that initiates or accelerates the recovery of an ecosystem from a degraded state. Active restoration includes a range of human interventions aimed at influencing and accelerating natural successional processes to recover biodiversity ecosystem service provision. Passive restoration includes reliance primarily on natural process of ecological succession to restore degraded ecosystems, but may include measures to protect a site from processes that currently prevent natural recovery (e.g. protection of degraded forests from overgrazing by livestock or unintentional human-induced fire).

Any intentional activities that initiates or accelerates the recovery of an ecosystem from a degraded state.

any intentional activity that initiates or accelerates the recovery of an ecosystem from a degraded state (IPBES glossary). More specifically, in the context of invasive alien species management, it refers to the process of assisting the recovery of a degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystem, as a consequence of biological invasions, to reflect values regarded as inherent in the ecosystem and to provide goods and services that people value

vb. To put back into the previous condition.

Polluter pays principle, “Responsibility

Rewilding ensures natural processes and wild species play a much more prominent role in the land-and seascapes, meaning that after initial support, nature is allowed to take more care of itself. Rewilding helps landscapes become wilder, whilst also providing opportunities for modern society to reconnect with such wilder places for the benefits of all life.

The number of distinct biological entities (typically species, but also genotypes, taxonomic genera or families, etc.) within a given sample, community, or area (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005).

Ecological diversity of organisms and may be genetic to taxonomic (q.v. Biodiversity).

Ecological diversity of organisms, including genetic or taxonomic diversity (q.v. Biodiversity).

The number of biological entities (species, genotypes, etc.) within a given sample. Sometimes used as synonym of species diversity.

A group of people (a community and its individual members), with a common identity and a shared set of rules, who rightfully has title over their territory and the natural resources belonging to it. Being a right holder implies that the group’s wellbeing is promoted by the right, and that the group (and its individual members) have the capacity to exercise their self-determination related to the given territory. From an Indigenous perspective, Right holder refers to the collective rights and entitlements of Indigenous peoples, a group of people, and a community including all individual members, with a shared cosmovision/worldview, identity, beliefs, values, and ethics. They have inherent collective rights over their territories and natural resources. Implicit in having a right holder status implies that the holder of it promotes the group's well-being and can exercise their self-determination related to the given territory.

A conceptual framework for the process of human development that is normatively based on international human rights standards and operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights.

see “Policy instruments”.

Approaches that consider international human rights law as a coherent system of principles and rules in the field of development, and uses it as a broad guide to conducting the cooperation and aid process; social participation in that process; the obligations of donor and recipient governments; the method of evaluating aid; and the accountability mechanisms that need to be established at the local and international levels.

Synergizing rights and norms for the conservation and protection of systems of Mother Earth can foster complementarity with human well-being. International and national human rights instruments whether binding or non-binding can be creatively interpreted to fit socio-ecological systems and foster resilience. Strengthening of collective rights, customary norms and institutions of indigenous peoples and local communities, can promote adaptive governance including the equitable and fair management of natural resources.

probability of the occurrence of a particular adverse event at a specific time and the magnitude of the consequent damage caused, depending on various factors such as exposure to the hazard, the frequency of exposure and the severity of any consequent damage done (FAO, 2011b). The term risk is regarded as a product of three factors: Exposure x Likelihood x Consequence (Kinney & Wiruth, 1976). Exposure results from the introductions, establishment and spread of an alien species, whereas Likelihood is the probability of an alien species affecting nature, nature’s contributions to people, good quality of life and/or the economy, and Consequence is the magnitude of impacts if an introduction event occurs

See “Ceremonial uses”.

A grazing scheme where animals are moved from one grazing unit (paddock) in the same group of grazing units to another without regard to specific graze: rest periods or levels of plant defoliation. cf. grazing system.

Industrial round wood is defined as all roundwood used for any purpose other than energy. It comprises pulpwood, sawlogs and veneer logs.

The geographic path over which a species is transported from the donor area (origin; may be defined as Last Port of Call) to the recipient area (destination or target), which may include one or more corridors.

Also known as the Neyman-Rubin causal model, is an approach to the statistical analysis of cause and effect based on the framework of potential outcomes, named after Donald Rubin.

Set of rules to govern the work and decision making of its formal settings.

Rural development is the process of improving the opportunities and well-being of rural people. It is a process of change in the characteristics of rural societies. In addition to agricultural development, it involves human development and social and environment objectives, as opposed to just economic ones. Therefore, rural development encompasses health, education, and other social services. It also uses a multisector approach for promoting agriculture, extracting minerals, tourism, recreation, and niche manufacturing.