range shift |
A change in the distributional limits of the native geographical range of a species, most commonly driven human-related factors (e.g. climate change).
|
Pollination assessment |
rangeland |
Natural grasslands used for livestock grazing.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment, Sustainable use assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Americas assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment |
re-wilding |
The preservation of land with the goal of restoring natural ecosystem processes and reducing human control of landscapes (Gillson et al., 2011) to allow declining populations to rebound.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
reactive nitrogen |
All biologically, photochemically, and/or radiatively active forms of nitrogen; a diverse pool of nitrogenous compounds that includes organic compounds (e.g. urea, amines, proteins, amides), mineral nitrogen forms, such as nitrates and ammonium, as well as gases that are chemically active in the troposphere (NOx, ammonia, nitrous oxide) and contribute to air pollution and the greenhouse effect.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
reality |
Current state of biodiversity and ecosystem functions independent of human knowledge and perceptions and ecosystem services (Nature in IPBES conceptual framework). See also Perceptions; Concepts”; Worldviews”.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
rebound effect |
The pattern by which resource users tend to compensate for improved efficiency by shifting behaviour towards greater consumption, which undermines apparent gains. For example, an increased fuel saving of motor vehicle tends to be compensated by spending more money on other resources or by driving more.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
rebound effect |
The pattern by which resource users tend to compensate for improved efficiency by shifting behavior towards greater consumption, which undermines apparent gains. For example, an increased fuel saving of motor vehicle tends to be compensated by spending more money on other resources or by driving more.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
reclamation |
The stabilization of the terrain, assurance of public safety, aesthetic improvement, and usually a return of the land to what, within the regional context, is considered to be a useful purpose.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
recognition |
In social-environmental justice, recognition is about the respect for (community) ways of life, local knowledge, and cultural difference.
|
Values assessment |
recreational uses (of wild species) |
Recreational uses are defined as uses of wild species in which enjoyment is considered a primary value.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
recreational values |
Monetary or non-monetary worth given to the human recreational use of ecosystems, areas or other natural phenomena.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
recruitment |
The influx of new members into a population by reproduction or immigration (IUCN, 2012a).
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
recruitment |
The influx of new members into a population by reproduction or immigration.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation |
A global mechanism designed to offer positive incentives to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and to promote the conservation, management and enhancement of forest stocks in developing countries (http://theredddesk. org/encyclopaedia/reducing-emissions- deforestation-and-forest-degradation-redd- and-role-conservation). REDD-plus stands for countries’ efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and foster conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
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Asia-Pacific assessment |
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation |
Mechanism developed by Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which creates a financial value for the carbon stored in forests by offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands.
|
|
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation |
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) is a mechanism developed by Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It creates a financial value for the carbon stored in forests by offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. Developing countries would receive results-based payments for results- based actions. REDD+ goes beyond simply deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment |
reduced impact logging |
The intensively planned and carefully controlled implementation of timber harvesting operations to minimize the environmental impact on forest stands and soils (FAO, 2018a).
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
reduced impact logging |
The intensively planned and carefully controlled implementation of timber harvesting operations to minimize the environmental impact on forest stands and soils.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation |
Mechanism developed by Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It creates a financial value for the carbon stored in forests by offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. Developing countries would receive results-based payments for results-based actions. REDD+ goes beyond simply deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
|
Americas assessment, Sustainable use assessment |
reforestation |
Planting of forests on lands that have previously contained forests but that have been converted to some other use.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
reforestation |
Intentional replanting of trees and re- establishing a forest in areas that have been deforested.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme), Land degradation and restoration assessment |
regime |
A long-term qualitative behavior where the system’s dynamics tend to stabilize, at different spatial and temporal scales in marine, terrestrial and polar systems (Rocha et al., 2015).
|
Global assessment (1st work programme), Sustainable use assessment |
regime shift |
Substantial reorganization in system structure, functions and feedbacks that often occurs abruptly and persists over time.
|
Americas assessment, Sustainable use assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment |
regime shift |
Persistent change in systems structure and function, which can be abrupt and difficult to reverse. Regime shifts in socio-ecological systems can have substantial impacts on ecosystem services.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme), Scenarios and models assessment |
regional |
adj. Pertaining to an area, especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries.
|
Pollination assessment |
regional cooperation platform |
Initiatives or other efforts to provide means by which organizations or individuals with a global region (such as the Asia-Pacific) can work together towards a common or mutual aim, or for common or mutual benefit. Examples include the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
rehabilitation |
Rehabilitation refers to restoration activities that move a site towards a natural state baseline in a limited number of components (i.e. soil, water, and/or biodiversity), including natural regeneration, conservation agriculture, and emergent ecosystems.
|
Sustainable use assessment, Americas assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment |
rehabilitation |
Restoration activities that may fall short of fully restoring a biotic community to its pre-degradation state, including natural regeneration and emergent ecosystems.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
rehabilitation |
Restoration activities that move a site towards a natural state baseline in a limited number of components (i.e. soil, water, and/or biodiversity), including natural regeneration, conservation agriculture, and emergent ecosystems.
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment |
relational value |
See “Values”.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
relational value |
The values that contribute to desirable relationships, such as those among people and between people and nature, as in Living in harmony with nature.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Land degradation and restoration assessment, Scenarios and models assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment |
relational value |
The values that contribute to desirable relationships, such as those among people or societies, and between people and nature, as in Living in harmony with nature.
|
Americas assessment, Africa assessment |
relational value |
See values.
|
Americas assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment |
relational value |
Relational values refer to the importance of desirable, meaningful, and often reciprocal relationships - beyond means to an end - between humans and nature, and among humans (including across generations) through nature (e.g. sense of place, spirituality, responsibility, care, reciprocity, stewardship) (section 2.2.4.3).
|
Values assessment |
remediation |
Any action taken to rehabilitate ecosystems.
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment, Americas assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Global assessment (1st work programme) |
remote sensing |
Methods for gathering data on a large or landscape scale which do not involve on-the ground measurement, especially satellite photographs and aerial photographs; often used in conjunction with Geographic Information Systems.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
remote sensing |
Methods for gathering data on a large or landscape scale which do not involve on-the ground measurement, especially satellite photographs and aerial photographs; often used in conjunction with Geographic Information Systems (IUCN, 2012a).
|
|
remote sensing |
Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance from the targeted area. Special cameras collect remotely sensed imagesof the Earth, which help researchers sense things about the Earth.
|
Americas assessment |
renewable energy |
Energy derived from natural processes (e.g. sunlight and wind) that are replenished at a faster rate than they are consumed. Solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, and some forms of biomass are common sources of renewable energy.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
replexity |
Rapid and complex change.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
report |
Reports shall mean the main deliverables of the Platform, including assessment reports and synthesis reports, their summaries for policymakers and technical summaries, technical papers and technical guidelines.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment, Americas assessment |
representation concentration pathway |
Scenarios that include time series of emissions and concentrations of the full suite of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols and chemically active gases, as well as land use/land cover. (IPCC, 2014).
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
representation concentration pathway |
Scenarios that include time series of emissions and concentrations of the full suite of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols and chemically active gases, as well as land use/land cover. The word representative signifies that each RCP provides only one of many possible scenarios that would lead to the specific radiative forcing characteristics. The term pathway emphasizes that not only the long-term concentration levels are of interest, but also the trajectory taken over time to reach that outcome. RCPs usually refer to the portion of the concentration pathway extending up to 2100, for which Integrated Assessment Models produced corresponding emission scenarios.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
resilience (of socio-ecological systems) |
The capacity of a socio- ecological system to absorb or withstand perturbations and other stressors such that the system remains within the same regime, essentially maintaining its structure and functions.
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
resilience |
The level of disturbance that an ecosystem or society can undergo without crossing a threshold to a situation with different structure or outputs. Resilience depends on factors such as ecological dynamics as well as the organizational and institutional capacity to understand, manage and respond to these dynamics.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme) |
resilience |
The level of disturbance that an ecosystem or society can undergo without crossing a threshold to a situation with different structure or outputs. Resilience depends on factors such as ecological dynamics as well as the organizational and institutional ca.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
resilience |
The level of disturbance that an ecosystem or society can undergo without crossing a threshold to a situation with different structure or outputs. Resilience depends on factors such as ecological dynamics as well as the organizational and institutional capacity to understand, manage, and respond to these dynamics.
|
Americas assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment, Africa assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment |
resilience |
for the purpose of this assessment, the ability of an ecosystem to adapt, withstand and respond to alien species invasions, recover rapidly from their impacts and continue to develop
|
Invasive alien species assessment |
resolution (spatial or temporal) |
See “scales”.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
resolution (spatial or temporal) |
see spatial scale and temporal scale.
|
Scenarios and models assessment |