anthropogenic assets |
Built-up infrastructure, health facilities, knowledge (including indigenous and local knowledge systems and technical or scientific knowledge, as well as formal and non- formal education), technology (both physical objects and procedures), and financial assets among others.
|
Pollination assessment, Scenarios and models assessment |
anthropogenic assets |
Built-up infrastructure, health facilities, or knowledge - including indigenous and local knowledge systems and technical or scientific knowledge - as well as formal and non-formal education, technology (both physical objects and procedures), and financial assets. Anthropogenic assets have been highlighted to emphasize that a good quality of life is achieved by a co-production of benefits between nature and societies.
|
|
anthropogenic assets |
Built-up infrastructure, health facilities, or knowledge - including indigenous and local knowledge systems and technical or scientific knowledge - as well as formal and non-formal education, technology (both physical objects and procedures), and financial assets. Anthropogenic assets have been highlighted to emphasize that a good quality of life is achieved by a co-production of benefits between nature and people.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme), Asia-Pacific assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment |
anthropogenic assets |
Built-up infrastructure, health facilities, or knowledge - including indigenous and local knowledge systems and technical or scientific knowledge - as well as formal and non-formal education, work, technology (both physical objects and procedures), and financial assets. Anthropogenic assets have been highlighted to emphasize that a good quality of life is achieved by a co-production of benefits between nature and people.
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment, Americas assessment |
anthropogenic biome |
See 'Anthrome'.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
anthropogenic drivers |
Drivers associated with human actions/activities that drive changes in biodiversity and ecosystems.
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
anthropogenic impact |
Impacts resulting from human activities.
|
Americas assessment |
anthropogenic landscape |
Areas of Earth's terrestrial surface where direct human alteration of ecological patterns and processes is significant, ongoing, and directed toward servicing the needs of human populations for food, shelter and other resources and services including recreation and aesthetic needs.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
anthropogenic pressure |
Caused or influenced by humans.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
anthropogenic value |
A concept or construct generated by humans. While it can be argued that all principles and preferences are anthropogenic (human-generated), this does not mean they are all anthropocentric (human-centred).
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
aphotic zone |
Aphotic zone is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
apiculture |
(see Beekeeping).
|
Pollination assessment |
approval |
Approval of the Platform's outputs signifies that the material has been subject to detailed, line-by-line discussion and agreement by consensus at a session of the Plenary.
|
Africa assessment, Americas assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Asia-Pacific assessment |
aquaculture |
The farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants, involving interventions such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, to enhance production. (In contrast, aquatic organisms which are exploitable by the public as a common property resource, are classed as fisheries, not aquaculture).
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment, Americas assessment |
aquaculture |
The farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans and aquatic plants, in both inland and coastal areas, and involving some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
aqueous slurries |
A semi-liquid mixture, typically of fine particles of manure, cement, or coal suspended in water.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
aquifer |
A body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit groundwater.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
arable |
adj. Pertaining to land that can be farmed.
|
Pollination assessment |
archetype |
In the context of scenarios, an over-arching scenario that embodies common characteristics of a number of more specific scenarios.
|
Africa assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment, Americas assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Sustainable use assessment |
arid ecosystem |
Those in which water availability severely constrains ecological activity.
|
Africa assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment, Americas assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment |
arid region |
A region is arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life. Environments subject to arid climates tend to lack vegetation and are called xeric or desertic.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
aridification |
A chronic reduction in soil moisture caused by an increase of mean annual temperature or a decrease in yearly precipitation.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment, Africa assessment |
article 8(j) of the CBD |
Article 8(j) states that each contracting Party of the Convention on Biological Diversity shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, subject to national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge innovations and practices.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
asia-pacific region |
One of 4 regions defined in the IPBES framework and includes 62 countries or territories from five subregions, namely Oceania (American Samoa*, Australia, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands*, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia*, Guam*, Hawai’i*, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia*, New Zealand, Niue*, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Island*, Samoa, Solomon Islands, *Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and oceanic and sub-Antarctic islands in the Pacific and Indian Oceans*), South-East Asia (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Viet Nam), North-East Asia (China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and Republic of Korea), South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka), Western Asia (Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait, Oman, Palestine (State of), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen). *Overseas territory.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
assessment report |
Assessment reports are published outputs of scientific, technical and socioeconomic issues that take into account different approaches, visions and knowledge systems, including global assessments of biodiversity and ecosystem services with a defined geographical scope, and thematic or methodological assessments based on the standard or the fast-track approach. They are to be composed of two or more sections including a summary for policymakers, an optional technical summary and individual chapters and their executive summaries. Assessments are the major output of IPBES, and they contain syntheses of findings on topics that have been selected by the IPBES Plenary.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
assessment report |
Assessment reports are published outputs of scientific, technical and socioeconomic issues that take into account different approaches, visions and knowledge systems, including global assessments of biodiversity and ecosystem services with a defined geographical scope, and thematic or methodological assessments based on the standard or the fast-track approach. They are to be composed of two or more sections including a summary for policymakers, an optional technical summary and individual chapters and their executive summaries. Assessments are the major output of IPBES, and they contain syntheses of findings on topics that have been selected by the IPBES.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
assessment report |
Assessment reports are published outputs of scientific, technical and socioeconomic issues that take into account different approaches, visions and knowledge systems, including global assessments of biodiversity and ecosystem services with a defined geographical scope, and thematic or methodological assessments based on the standard or the fast-track approach. They are composed of two or more sections including a summary for policymakers, an optional technical summary, and individual chapters and their executive summaries. Assessments are the major output of IPBES, and they contain syntheses of findings on topics that have been selected by the IPBES Plenary.
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment |
assessment report |
Published outputs of scientific, technical and socioeconomic issues that take into account different approaches, visions and knowledge systems, including global assessments of biodiversity and ecosystem services with a defined geographical scope, and thematic or methodological assessments based on the standard or the fast-track approach. They are to be composed of two or more sections including a summary for policymakers, an optional technical summary and individual chapters and their executive summaries. Assessments are the major output of IPBES, and they contain syntheses of findings on topics that have been selected by the IPBES Plenary.
|
Americas assessment |
assessment report |
Published outputs of scientific, technical and socioeconomic issues that take into account different approaches, visions and knowledge systems, including global assessments of biodiversity and ecosystem services with a defined geographical scope, and thematic or methodological assessments based on the standard or the fast-track approach. They are composed of two or more sections including a summary for policymakers, an optional technical summary and individual chapters and their executive summaries. Assessments are the major output of IPBES, and they contain syntheses of findings on topics that have been selected by the IPBES Plenary.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
assessment report |
Within the context of IPBES - published assessments of scientific, technical and socio-economic issues that take into account different approaches, visions and knowledge systems, including global and regional assessments of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and thematic or methodological assessments.
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
assisted colonization |
Also known as assisted migration or managed relocation, is the act of deliberately moving plants or animals to a different habitat. The destination habitat may have either historically held the species or it may not have hosted the species, but the habitat provides the bioclimatic requirements to support it. Assisted colonization may also supplement an existing population in a site where their numbers are dwindling. This is especially the case where the assisted species are unable to disperse at a rate which keeps pace with the shifting bio-climatic, bio-physical envelope.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
asymmetry (in plant-pollinator networks (q.v.)) |
The tendency for plant (or pollinator) species with few links to interact with pollinator (or plant) species with many links. In mutualistic networks, such as pollination, nestedness (q.v.) is often asymmetrical with specialists of one group (plants or pollinators) linked to the generalists of the partner group (pollinators or plants).
|
Pollination assessment |
available water capacity |
Soil water content useable by plants, based on the effective root penetration depth.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
average genetic variation |
The condition of having two different alleles at a gene locus.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
avoided deforestation in conjunction with afforestation and reforestation |
Land-based climate change mitigation strategy based on maintaining and expanding global forest area, and thus the carbon uptake of forest ecosystems in biomass and soil.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
daoism |
A Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu, advocating humility and religious piety.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
decadal |
adj. Ten years.
|
Pollination assessment |
decision context |
The characteristics and needs of any particular policy or decision-making process.
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
decision support tools |
Approaches and techniques based on science and other knowledge systems, including indigenous and local knowledge, that can inform, assist and enhance relevant decisions, policy-making and implementation at the local, national, regional and international levels.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
decision uncertainty |
Variation in subjective human judgments, preferences, beliefs, world views (Section 1.6.3).
|
Scenarios and models assessment |
decision-making |
The process of making decisions can happen at the individual level or amongst groups and entails the prioritisation of certain values. This prioritization greatly influences which issues are found worthy of consideration, do and do not become part of the agenda, as well as determine which decision-makers are considered socially legitimate to participate in the process.
|
Values assessment |
decision-making framework |
System for logical interpretation of evidence leading to decision options that can be objectively evaluated.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment |
decomposition |
Breakdown of complex organic substances into simpler molecules or ions by physical, chemical and/or biological processes.
|
Asia-Pacific assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment, Global assessment (1st work programme), Europe and Central Asia assessment, Americas assessment, Sustainable use assessment |
decorative and aesthetic uses |
Decorative and aesthetic uses are defined as the uses of wild species in order to produce handicrafts and objects of adornment, beauty, and/or entertainment.
|
Sustainable use assessment |
deflation (wind) |
Wind erosion.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |
deforestation |
Human-induced conversion of forested land to non-forested land. Deforestation can be permanent, when this change is definitive, or temporary when this change is part of a cycle that includes natural or assisted regeneration.
|
Europe and Central Asia assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment, Americas assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment, Africa assessment |
degraded land |
Land in a state that results from persistent decline or loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services that cannot fully recover unaided.
|
Americas assessment, Europe and Central Asia assessment, Land degradation and restoration assessment, Asia-Pacific assessment |
degraded lands |
Land in a state that results from persistent decline or loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services that cannot fully recover unaided within decadal timescales.
|
Global assessment (1st work programme) |
degrowth |
Started as an activist movement around 2008 and turned into an academic discipline, it starts from the premise that economic growth cannot be sustained ad infinitum on a resource constraint planet. It demands a deep societal change, denying the need for economic growth. It is unclear whether degrowth should be considered as a collectively consented choice or an environmentally-imposed inevitability.
|
Americas assessment |
degrowth |
A theoretical frame invoking the necessity of downscaling and re- localizing production.
|
Land degradation and restoration assessment |