Black carbon is a carbonaceous aerosol. It is produced both naturally and by human activities as a result of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels, and biomass. Primary sources include emissions from diesel engines, cook stoves, wood burning and forest fires. Black carbon particles strongly absorb sunlight and give soot its black color. Thus, black carbon has emerged as a major contributor to global climate change, possibly second only to CO2 as the main driver of change.

See homogenization.

The deliberate, private use of biological agents to harm and frighten the people of a state or society, is related to the military use of biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons.

Modern biotechnology means the application of: In vitro nucleic acid techniques, including recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and direct injection of nucleic acid into cells or organelles, or Fusion of cells beyond the taxonomic family, that overcome natural physiological reproductive or recombination barriers and that are not techniques used in traditional breeding and selection.

Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.

A method for mitigating land degradation using mechanical (structures) and biological elements.

Strategy, efforts and planning to protect human, animal and environmental health against biological threats.

The use of microorganisms to clean up polluted soil and water.

Exploration of biodiversity for commercially, scientifically, or culturally valuable genetic and biochemical resources.

The process of searching for and subsequently developing new drugs based on biological resources.