Plants that use C4 photosynthesis to capture CO2. The Poaceae family (grasses) accounts for about half of the C4 species.

C4 photosynthesis is an evolved metabolic mechanism for plant carbon fixation, in which atmospheric CO2 is first incorporated into a 4-carbon intermediate molecule. It allows for a more efficient process compared to C3 photosynthesis, especially in non-optimal water availability conditions and in the presence of high solar radiation.

Plants that use C3 photosynthesis to capture CO2.

The major of the metabolic pathways for CO2 fixation by plants, involving a 3-carbon organic intermediate molecule. C3 photosynthetic plants possess a specific leaf structure, and are not adapted to non-optimal conditions.

The incidental capture of non-target species. The portion of a commercial fishing catch that consists of marine animals caught unintentionally.

IPCC term case assumes that future developments follow those of the past and no changes in policies will take place.

Bushmeat (or wild meat) hunting is a form of subsistence hunting that entails the harvesting of wild animals for food and for non-food purposes, including for medicinal use.

A form of subsistence hunting that entails the harvesting of wild animals for food and for non-food purposes, including for medicinal use.

See “wild meat”.

An increase in density of shrubby or bushy tree vegetation in savannah or grassland systems.