Drivers that can be influenced by a particular policy or decision context, and are therefore regarded as endogenous or policy- relevant”. (Section 1.3.2.2).

Enabling conditions are defined as conditions that facilitate approaches to addressing social and ecological challenges. They can be defined as factors that increase the likelihood of an intended change in the governance approach, strategy, or management regime. The presence of enabling conditions can facilitate the emergence of a particular environmental policy, whereas the absence of key enabling conditions can present a barrier to management or sustained policy action.

The institutional, policy and governance responses to create enabling conditions to implement direct responses or actions on the ground to halt land degradation or to restore degraded lands.

The process by which people gain control over the factors and decisions that shape their lives. It is the process by which they increase their assets and attributes and build capacities to gain access, partners, networks and/or a voice, in order to gain control.

The term El Niño was initially used to describe a warm-water current that periodically flows along the coast of Ecuador and Perú, disrupting the local fishery. It has since become identified with a basin-wide warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean east of the dateline. This oceanic event is associated with a fluctuation of a global-scale tropical and subtropical surface pressure pattern called the Southern Oscillation. This coupled atmosphere-ocean phenomenon, with preferred time scales of two to about seven years, is collectively known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

An irregularly recurring flow of unusually warm surface waters from the Pacific Ocean toward and along the western coast of South America that prevents upwelling of nutrient- rich cold deep water and that disrupts typical regional and global weather patterns.

A change in species composition, physical conditions or ecological factors at the boundary between two or more habitats.

Often referred to as cold-blooded and applied to organisms that cannot regulate their body temperature relative to the surrounding environment, i.e. deriving heat from outside the body.

Sustainable travel undertaken to access sites or regions of unique natural or ecological quality, promoting their conservation, low visitor impact, and socio- economic involvement of local populations.

A transition area between two biomes or vegetation types.