The process or state of breaking or being broken into fragments. Often used in reference to habitats.

see Habitat fragmentation.

Fossil fuels are derived from the remains of ancient plant and animal life: coal, oil and natural gas. In common dialogue, the term fossil fuel also includes hydrocarbon-containing natural resources that are not derived from animal or plant sources.

Fuels such as petroleum derived for fossil oil sources.

Include law and policies e.g. regulations and directives, and fiscal, agricultural or planning policies, to name just a few examples. These are typically based on legal instruments, treaties and customary laws. Informal institutions in turn include social norms and rules, such as those related to collective action.

A shift, usually assessed at the national scale, from net forest loss to net forest gain, whether through natural recovery or planted forests.

Forest management is defined as a practice about managing, using, conserving and repairing forest, woodlands and associated resources. Objectives and goals are fulfilled by implementing and regulating tree management and harvesting practices stipulated in forest management plans.

A reduction of illegal logging by strengthening sustainable and legal forest management, improving governance and promoting trade in legally produced timber.

A range of systems for the management of forest resources that are intermediate on a continuum between pure extraction and plantation management, and ranging from wild forests modified for increased production of selected products (e.g. fruit and nut trees) to anthropogenic forests with a high density of valuable species within a relatively diverse and complex structure.

A minimum area of land of 0.05 - 1.0 hectares with tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10?30 per cent with trees with the potential to reach a minimum height of 2?5 m at maturity in situ. A forest may consist either of closed fore.