They occur when colonies of algae (simple plants that live in the sea and freshwater) grow out of control and produce toxic or harmful effects on people, fish, shellfish, marine mammals and birds.

Species that require very specific habitats and resources (e.g. narrow range of food sources or cover types) to thrive and reproduce.

The importance of ecosystems to provide living space for resident and migratory species (thus maintaining the gene pool and nursery service).

Changes in an area's primary ecological functions and species composition due to human activity and/or non-native species invasion.

The number of different habitats in a landscape.

The ability of soil or soil materials to serve as a habitat for micro-organisms, plants, soil- living animals and their interactions.

A general term describing the set of processes by which habitat quality is reduced. Habitat degradation may occur through natural processes (e.g. drought, heat, cold) and through human activities (forestry, agriculture, urbanization).

The place or type of site where an organism or population naturally occurs.

The amount of carbon fixed by the autotrophs (e.g. plants and algaes).

Total terrestrial Gross Primary Production (GPP) is the total mass of carbon taken out of the atmosphere by plant photosynthesis.