The art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, composition, health and quality of forest and woodlands to meet the targeted diverse needs and values of landowners and society on a sustainable basis.

The applied science of forest ecology and management. The foundation is based on silvics, which is concerned with the development and growth of trees and forests. The practice of silviculture is rooted in a broad understanding of forested ecosystems, which includes biometeorology, hydrology, geology and soils and ecology.

A building or other construction associated with a Japanese religion (Shinto) which incorporate the worship of ancestors and nature spirits.

An agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned to regenerate soil fertility by the regeneration of natural vegetation.

Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot.

An agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned to regenerate soil fertility by the regeneration of natural vegetation.

See 'Continental shelf'.

Shared values are the broad and specific values that people express collectively, in groups, communities, and across society as a whole. They can be formed through long-term processes of socialisation and shorter-term processes such as group deliberations.

Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) describe alternative socio- economic futures in the absence of climate policy intervention, comprising sustainable development (SSP1), regional rivalry (SSP3), inequality (SSP4), fossil-fuelled development (SSP5) and middle-of-the-road development (SSP2). The combination of SSP-based socio-economic scenarios and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)-based climate projections provides an integrative frame for climate impact and policy analysis.

Narratives outlining broad characteristics of the global future and country-level population, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), urbanisation projections based on five alternative socio- economic developments (i.e. sustainable development), regional rivalry, inequality, fossil-fuelled development, and middle-of-the- road development. The SSPs are supported by key quantitative indicators and metrics, describing trends in demographics, human development, economy and lifestyle, policies and institutions, technology, environment and natural resources.