IPBES core glossary

A type of quota (a part of a Total Allowable Catch) allocated to individual fishermen or vessel owners and which can be sold to others.

Industrial effluent is in general considered to be industrial wastewater - treated or untreated - that flows out of a sewage treatment facility or the wastewater discharge from industrial facilities. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters.

Industrial fisheries are defined as a category of capture fishery that generally present (some of) the following characteristics: (i) high capital equipment and expenditure, (ii) highly level of mechanization, motorization and onboard processing, (iii) large vessel size (> 24 m and > 50 GT), (iv) based on a business more vertically integrated, with generally global market access, (v) operating offshore on a multi-days basis.

Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

Animals that live within the sediment.

People and organizations who influence decision-making processes related to biodiversity and therefore have an impact on those who implement the decisions.

A substance that kills insects. Insecticides may be synthetic chemicals, natural chemicals, or biological agents.

Linear areas of land within or at the edges of fields, farms, or other areas (rights of way, riparian areas, etc.) where plants are encouraged to grow, often for the benefit of various beneficial animals (e.g. predators of pests, biological control agents, pollinators and other wildlife).

Institutional arrangements can be seem as different (in)formal regimes and coalitions for collective action and inter-agent coordination, ranging from public-private cooperation and contracting schemes to organizational networking and policy arrangements.

The set of abilities which a given institution can use to achieve policy goals. Examples include the ability to collaborate with local communities, design scientifically sound restoration interventions, or foresee secondary effects of policies.

These are often catalogued as (i) law and policy failures (e.g. perverse subsidies), (ii) market failures (externalities in the use of public goods and services), (iii) organizational failure (e.g. lack of transparency and political legitimacy in decision-making) and (iv) informal institutional failures (e.g. break of collective action norms due to erosion of trust.

see Drivers, institutions and governance systems and other indirect drivers.

Encompass all formal and informal interactions among stakeholders and social structures that determine how decisions are taken and implemented, how power is exercised, and how responsibilities are distributed.

Encompasses all formal and informal interactions among stakeholders and social structures that determine how decisions are taken and implemented, how power is exercised, and how responsibilities are distributed.

Institutions are the (informal) conventions and norms, and (formal) legal rules which influence choices at all levels of society. The concept also encompasses the notions of habits and practices, referencing to the habituation of conventions and norms. Institutions structure both formal and informal interactions among people and organizations and influence human-nature relationships. As social structures, they shape how decisions are made and implemented and how responsibilities are distributed. Institutions are power-carriers as they shape people's identities and behaviour regarding particular values and interests. See Value-articulating institution.

Also known as extrinsic value or contributory value, it is the value of objects, both physical objects and abstract objects, not as ends-in- themselves, but as means of achieving something else. It is often contrasted with items of intrinsic value. It is studied in the field of value theory.

The direct and indirect contribution of nature's benefits to the achievement of a good quality of life.

The direct and indirect contribution of nature's benefits to the achievement of a good quality of life. Within the specific framework of the total economic value, instrumental values can be classified into use (direct and indirect use values) on the one hand, and non-use values (option, bequest and existence values) on the other. Sometimes option values are considered as use values as well.

The value attributed to something as a means to achieving a particular end.

See values.

Any area of habitat suitable for a specific ecosystem, surrounded by an expanse of unfavorable habitat that limits the dispersal of individuals. Insular systems can be either physical islands or isolated habitats (e.g. resulting of fragmentation).

The importance attributed to ecosystem resilience, including the role of biodiversity in maintaining the integrity of ecosystems as functioning systems, and their capacity to deliver ecosystem services and associated values.

Interdisciplinary models that aim to describe the complex relationships between environmental, social, and economic drivers that determine current and future state of the ecosystem and the effects of global change, in order to derive policy-relevant insights. One of the essential characteristics of integrated assessments is the simultaneous consideration of the multiple dimensions of environmental problems.

Interdisciplinary models that aim to describe the complex relationships between environmental, social, and economic drivers that determine current and future state of the ecosystem and the effects of global change, in order to derive policy-relevant insights. One of the essential characteristics of integrated assessments is the simultaneous consideration of the multiple dimensions of environmental problems.

See models.

Refers to long-term collaboration among different groups of land managers and stakeholders to achieve the multiple objectives required from the landscape.

A broadly-based approach that integrates various practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level (i.e. to below the level that the costs of further control outweigh the benefits derived). It involves careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and then integration of appropriate measures to discourage development of pest populations while keeping pesticides and other interventions to economically justifiable levels with minimal risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro- ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides (FAO, 2018b).

Is also known as Integrated Pest Control (IPC). It is a broadly-based approach that integrates various practices for economic control of pests (q.v.). IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level (i.e. to below the level that the costs of further control outweigh the benefits derived). It involves careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and then integration of appropriate measures to discourage development of pest populations while keeping pesticides and other interventions to economically justifiable levels with minimal risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms.

Also known as Integrated Pest Control, it is a broadly-based approach that integrates various practices for economic control of pests (q.v.). Integrated pest management aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level (i.e. to below the level that the costs of further control outweigh the benefits derived). It involves careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and then integration of appropriate measures to discourage development of pest populations while keeping pesticides and other interventions to economically justifiable levels with minimal risks to human health and the environment. Integrated pest management emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agroecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms.

Also known as integrated pest control. It is a broadly-based approach that integrates various practices for economic control of pests. Integrated pest management (or IPM) aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level (i.e. to below the level that the costs of further control outweigh the benefits derived). It involves careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and then integration of appropriate measures to discourage development of pest populations while keeping pesticides and other interventions to economically justifiable levels with minimal risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms.

The process of collecting, synthesizing, and communicating knowledge about the ways in which people ascribe importance and meaning of nature's contributions, to facilitate deliberation and agreement for decision-making and planning.

The process of collecting, synthesizing, and communicating knowledge about the ways in which people ascribe importance and meaning of NCP to humans, to facilitate deliberation and agreement for decision-making and planning.

The process of collecting, synthesizing, and communicating knowledge about the ways in which people ascribe importance and meaning of NCP to humans, to facilitate deliberation and agreement for decision making and planning.

See values.

A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.